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¿µ¹®Á¦¸ñ Colonial Economy in Dubliners - A New Perspective on "Simony"
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It has been rare to discuss economic problems in literature, perhaps because focusing on spiritual, ideological, or moral themes has been a long tradition in literary criticism. Joyce`s Ireland was poor because she was colonized. The uneven development of Dublin and Belfast in the nineteenth century produced economic problems-poverty, unemployment, and paralysis. In terms of class, Joyce`s family was at "the psychic crossroads of the Dublin caste system," from which Joyce must have derived his sense of being in between. I will argue that Dubliners articulates, if in a covert way, economic problems derived from Ireland`s colonial dependence on the British economic powers. In this respect, I will focus on the significance of `simony` in a different context. In comparison with prostitution, which is a sin of selling the (female) body, `simony` is a sin of selling the soul, since it is not only a sin of money, but also a sin of Simon, who betrayed himself three times when he was asked whether he knew of Christ. Many characters of Dubliners are subject to and frustrated by financial problems. In "Araby," the boy narrator wants to buy something for Mangan`s sister in Araby bazaar, a fund-raising bazaar for renovation the Jarvis Hospital. When he gets to the Araby bazaar at last, he cannot help paying the entrance fee for adults for fear that the bazaar might be over. This "rite of passage" makes him realize his financial situation, thus making him feel "like an animal." In `After the Race,` the Gordon Bennett Cup race was supposed to have been held in England, since the last year`s victor was the English car. But the Irish-English Automobile Association decided that it would be held in Ireland, part of the English empire. Despite the potential benefits that the race could bring about, Ireland was not a primary beneficiary of the possible economic boon in that, while the race was an international competition in industrial technology, Ireland had no automobile industry visible in her land. Therefore, the cheers of the "gratefully oppressed" are only those of the colonized. The "public life" stories are also engaged in financial problems. In "Ivy Day in the Committee Room," the canvassers for the election discuss the issue of welcoming King Edward`s visit to Dublin. Mr Henchy emphasizes on the economic benefit they could get from the royal visit. In "A Mother," Mrs. Kearney simonizes the Irishness of her daughter`s name, which reminds the Irish of "Kathleen ni Houlihan," a traditional figure representing Ireland. And in "Grace," obviously a story about simony, Mr. Kernan`s incident must have been related to financial problems when he cut his tongue a little bit. One of the men whom he met in the pub is Mr. Harford, a usurious money-lender, and perhaps, he employs a strongarmed man to get money from Mr. kernan. In this sense, the meaning of "grace" could be a period of grace in the financial sense of the word. In his sermon on the worship of Mammon, Father Purdon regards himself as a "spiritual accountant," and commits a sin of simony by making spiritual things based on material values. Joyce`s interest in socialism pervades in his aesthetics. So his Dubliners articulates the financial problems derived from the British occupation of Ireland. The too obvious theme of Dubliners, spiritual paralysis, derives form this economic subjugation to England. Therefore, simony is a sin of selling Erin`s soul to the British master. 

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