In this paper, the desire of Maria in James Joyce¡¯s ¡°Clay¡± is examined from the viewpoints of the author, reader, and narrator. Because Maria is unmarried and evidently old, the narrator¡¯s perspective, which is grounded in symbolic language, sees Maria as lacking in every way. Maria claims she does not want a ring nor a man, yet the narrator¡¯s unarticulated narrative disproves this claim. Maria, likewise, tells herself that she is content with the little money she has and her independence. Because the narrator does not take Maria¡¯s statements at face value, the reader can now begin to question the narrator¡¯s objectivity. Herein lies the author¡¯s function. The author reveals the gap between what can be said and what cannot, as well as the interstice between the narrator and the reader, in a suggestive manner. The author does not control the narrator nor Maria from within, behind, beyond, or above his creation; instead, he guides the puzzled reader into the void where they are forced to confront Maria¡¯s true desire. Contrary to the narrator¡¯s claim that she is concealing her actual wish to get married, she has no interest in pursuing the social position of a married woman. By leaving out the second verse of the aria starting I dreamt that I dwelt, in which a noble host asks Arline for her hand in marriage, Maria makes it clear that she prefers remaining unmarried, which is distinct from stating she is ¡°not yet married.¡± Maria is a trailblazer in creating a new path by deciding what is not the accepted norm. |