James Joyce has been regarded as an Irish writer who is unfavorable to his own country. Owing to the academic approaches to Joyce as a modernist writer, it has been almost an truism to identify Joyce as an apolitical writer, but he was not much concerned in Irish political and historical situation as any other Irish writer was. He tried to obtain as much information as possible on Irish political situation even during his sojourn in the Continent. Many studies have appeared focusing on Joyce`s Ulysses, and they have shed a new light on it. Nevertheless, political approaches to Joyce`s Dubliners are still scarce. Joyce once remarked, `The state is concentric, man is eccentric.` These metaphoric and rhetorical words reveal Joyce`s political attitude itself: ex-centric resistance. He never manifested his political ideas even to his close friends, but his writings showed us a glimpse of his political attitudes. Dubliners, even his early work, enunciates Joyce`s critique of British colonial domination of Ireland at the turn of the century. This paper will focus on Joyce`s critique of colonial domination in some stories of Dubliners. As Joyce himself remarked in Stephen Hero, "in many cases the government of an empire is greatest at its borders and it is invariably greatest there is the case when its power at the center is on the wane" (147). Joyce`s Dublin is at the critical point of colonial domination, in which England`s imperial domination in other places was dwindling, and in which accordingly its border such as Ireland her colonial domination was increasing. Despite the geographical proximity and political solidarity, Ireland was suffering from the increased colonial domination of the British empire. As Trevor Williams remarks, "paralysis is not God-given; on the contrary, it arises from a specific social and economic formation" (Williams, 54). The orgins and effects of "spiritual paralysis" are rooted in colonial situation, of which Joyce is keenly aware. Joyce seems to have thought of the primal origin of "spiritual paralysis" as the fall of Charles Stewart Parnell, which is well described in "Ivy Day." Joyce describes the post-Parnell era, in which money displaces political ideals as a motivation for enthusiasm. |